裕固族 · Yugur

玛尔简《岁月中的牧羊生活》

Marjan
Days of the Shepherd

📝 作者简介 · Author Bio

玛尔简,女,裕固族,研究生学历。鲁迅文学院少数民族文学创作第15期学员、甘肃省散文高研班学员。20世纪90年代以来,曾先后在《文艺报》《诗刊》《中国民族》《民族文学》;上海《旅游天地》四川《旅游博览》《青海湖》《西藏文学》《山东文学》《散文诗》;《甘肃日报》《飞天》《金城》《嘉峪关日报》;《新疆文史》等报刊杂志发表散文、散文诗、诗歌、歌词及小说、人物传记、民间文艺研讨文章等500多篇(首)。

Marjian, a member of the Yugur ethnic group, holds a postgraduate degree. She is a member of the 15th Minority Literature Creation Class at the Lu Xun Literature Institute and participates in the High-Level Prose Class in Gansu Province. Since the 1990s, she has published over 500 works in various newspapers and magazines, including prose, poems, lyrics, novels, biographies, and folk literature studies. Some of her works have been included in Gansu Province's minority literature series commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Communist Party of China, such as the Yugur Literary Works Collection, Zhangye History, Yugur Literary and Artistic Works Selection, and Selections of Chinese Minority Literary Works in the New Era - Yugur Volume. She has also published My Homeland, the poetry collec

中文原文 Chinese Source Text

因为工作和走亲访友的机会,到乡下去的时候,看到故乡草原,总有一种温馨的暖意如银雀鸟一样从心底砰然飞出。

现在,我虽然生活在城市,但出生在草原,童年时光也在草原度过,因而,我的思绪一直在草原的怀抱中萦绕,广阔的草原紧紧地拥抱着我的思想,每每看到牛羊、看到姑娘小伙赶着牛羊,惬意地行走在草原上时,心灵激情的翅膀就忍不住地一直在蓝天上扇动。

辽阔的草原,这里广阔的天空中飘来的歌声悠扬动听,让人沉醉在q其间。也记不清有多少次,自己匆匆的脚步在故乡羊肠小路上像海子湖水轻轻地波纹一样卷起一路风尘。因为草原的熏陶,我的思想、处事原则都始终有一种草原的味道,铸成了骨子里一种挥之不去的情结。也因为草原,我的眸子总是喜欢眺望着远方,我的思绪更是经常在梦境中飘荡在故乡的草原上。我喜欢故乡草原上的芨芨草像尧敖尔姑娘的身材一样的倩倩玉立,e婀娜多姿,喜欢草原上的沙枣花像尧敖尔姑娘舒心微笑的脸庞,更喜欢草原上的红柳像守护战士那样坚忍不拔。在我人生的童年时光,是草原赐给了我祈盼和希望,给我了心灵独白的源泉,也是故乡草原,教会了我什么叫宽容、豁达、坚韧与永不退缩。

小时候,在故乡上小学、初中的那个时候,我经常在假期里放羊、割青草,帮阿娜挤牛奶、蒸馍馍,还学着剪羊毛。暑假里拉着家里的一头全身灰色的毛驴,驮着草筐,带着割草的镰刀,去很远的地方割青草,储备冬天牲畜的饲料。

据阿娜说,当时,我还没有那头灰毛驴身高。可是,我能在比我还高的青草堆里,把拉毛驴的缰绳拴在自己的腰上,挥舞着镰刀,将一把把青草割下来攥在手里然后又放进草筐里,脚底下走在坑坑洼洼的盐碱地上,割完一堆青草,要向前走一截,寻找便于割去的青草,还要时时注意保持两只草筐的平衡。虽然脸上、脖颈上挂满了劳动的汗水,汗水似乎把衣服全湿透了,豆大的汗珠子顺着脖子,脸和腿子直往下灌,我时常热得气喘吁吁,但是,戴着草帽的头顶上却享受着草原上阳光的沐浴,惬意地呼吸着草原上清新的空气,耳边倾听不远处牛羊欢快的“咩咩”、“牟牟”声和优美的牧歌飞扬。在不长的时间里,我会驮着满满当当的一垛子草筐青草回到家里。

我的故乡草原是典型的盐碱地带,生活在这种戈壁滩上日子是艰苦的,而许多影视剧里的戈壁滩是美丽的,让傻傻的观众充满了遐想,可那一片白茫茫的盐碱地,真是一步一个脚印--深刻的脚印--有的有十几l厘米深,被炎热的阳光晒得上面是一层硬硬的盐碱壳,下面是疏松的尘土,但是天一下雨,这些硬壳一样的盐碱地一瞬间又变得泥泞不堪,在这样的路上行走都非常困难,走一步,脚上的鞋便深深地陷在泥水里。我割青草时喜欢天气阴阴的但不要下雨,那样的时刻割青草,我才特别高兴,因为,我割青草才能轻松一些。

暑假里多的时候,都是阿扎阿娜和哥哥他们去割青草。太阳出来之前,天还没亮赶着牛羊就走了,他们会边放好牛羊边割青草。一般都是我在家里打扫羊圈、院落和房屋卫生,给他们准备一天的饭。早晨是酸奶子米汤烧饼或是奶茶烧饼,我把早餐送到家人割青草的地方,这时候阿扎阿娜和哥哥就可以休息休息。金色的阳光下,撒一把汗水,望着周围的战果,享受着早餐带来的欢乐。快到中午时,他们把一早晨割下的青草用草绳捆绑好放在原地,就回家吃饭。吃过饭休息l两三个小时,等毒毒的太阳稍微柔和一些,他们照常会去割青草。下午割青草是最热的时候,亲人们的脸庞被晒得通红发亮,汗水流满了岁月的皱褶。当太阳落去,周围的空气渐渐凉一点的时候,亲人们迅速地把下午的战果再捆绑好,用灰毛驴一趟趟连早晨捆绑好的青草一起送回家里。亲人们在牛羊“咩咩”、“牟牟”的声音,星星眨巴着眼睛,月光的陪伴下,拖着疲惫的身影回到家里,拾掇好青草,洗刷好才能吃晚饭。他们拾掇青草时,我要把牛羊饮水等等这些事做完。

牧人最怕丢羊,羊丢了,阿扎阿娜回来还得去找羊,能在周围邻居家的羊群里找见是最好的结果,要不然会连续几天半夜半夜地去找,这样的时候,在家的人也是心神不宁,不得清闲。

有了草原的支撑,我在童年、少年难忘的往事里一天天长大,虽然被故乡炎热的阳光晒得黑黑的,看起来不怎么漂亮,但骨子里却多了像草原一样的一份执着,一份忍耐,一份坚毅。

暑假里,或夏季星期天学校不上课时,我和草原上的姑娘们一起走在悠长的羊肠小路上,我们去湖滩和草场上放羊,一水壶奶茶和几块锁阳饼子是我们一天的食粮。头顶的阳光炙热难耐,但大家的心里却是那么充实。每每去的路上大家的心情愉悦欢畅,说着唱着,每人轮流讲有趣的故事、听来的或书中看到的见闻,一路地笑着追着,也不觉得累。走到湖摊上,看到各色各样的小花就忍不住去拔一把,看到蓝色的马莲花像抢着拔来许多根,编成花环,戴在自己的头上,像骄傲的公主。到了q清澈的海子湖水边就洗一把脸打一会儿水仗,看到漂亮的鸟儿在湖边飞来飞去,就调皮地抓一把沙子撒向小鸟。

清清的海子水吆湖滩上流啊

裕固族牧羊姑娘像花儿一样

丰收的羊毛吆像白云一样

轻轻地捻来快快地缠上……

清泉般清脆而深情的歌声在耳边响起,歌声里饱含着对幸福生活的向往,充满了面对艰苦的自然环境不甘低头的韧劲。

可是,下午太阳落山回来的时候,伙伴们的每一步却是那么沉重,大家都不怎么说话,专心致志地分别赶着自己的羊群,一个劲儿朝着回家方向努力。好像不是在走路而是在一寸一寸地挪动,口干舌燥,疲惫不堪,感觉回家的路是那么遥远,脚下的羊肠小路是那么难走……这样的生活,我们每星期就有一回。尤其是在暴风雨来临的时候,我们的放牧或割青草就尤为难行。要是遇到下大雨的时候,我们要么拼命地跑回家,以防豆大的冰雹砸烂头,要么躲在大概可以躲雨的草堆下,等雨下得小一些才起身回家或继续放羊、割草。

冬天放羊更是担心刮风或下雪,空旷的四周寂静无声,刺骨的寒风直往衣服里钻,穿多厚都觉得冷,常常用点燃一些干枯的芨芨草取暖。虽然冬天夜长昼短,但是感觉一天的日子还是太长、太长,尤其放羊、放牛时。寒冷的时刻,牛羊都忍受不了这种折磨,它们会趁人不注意时不顾一切地往家里跑,我撵都撵不上。但是牛羊吃不饱肚子,寒冷的夜晚就会冻病,膘分提不上去,也就无法安然度过寒冷的冬季。所以,不管多冷,不到牧归的时间,牛羊不能回家,我更不能回家,要想方设法让牛羊多吃点草。这样艰苦的生活,使我的阿扎阿娜时常叮咛敲打我们:“要好好读书,不读书就要这样苦一辈子了。”

故乡的草原,环境艰苦,生活清贫,但是故乡深厚的文化底蕴熏陶着我幼小的心灵:海子湖边天鹅琴、萨娜玛珂、黄黛琛等等优美悲情的民间传说,伴我一天天度过生命的每一刻。小时候,我懵懵懂懂地猜测着故事和传说里神秘而饱满的情节,幻想着有一天,故事里的主人公说不上就会猛然出现在我的身边……再大一些的时候,又期望着故事里的尧乎尔姑娘黄黛琛能够吃饱肚子,希望捆绑她的那条罪恶的绳子能够稍微宽松一些,生活能够快乐一些。甚至在某一个傍晚的梦想里,我似乎还见到天鹅琴传说里那位尧乎尔仙女从遥远的天空翩然显现。

尽管寂寥的故乡草原,留给了我许多的苦痛,可没有故乡草原,我的童年的生活会有那么多难忘的记忆吗?那些生活的经历就像被柔软的羊皮裹着一样暖暖地在我的心灵深处……

随着岁月无情的更替,我也长大,走进了城市,在城市里生活、工作,在城市熙熙攘攘的历程中,我也越来越疏远了故乡草原,可是每每看到故乡草原我就有一种负罪感,仿佛我忘记了长大成长的路,成了迷路的孩子。为了让自己的心灵得到满足或是些许安慰,我常常回故乡去看看:摇曳的芨芨草、怒放的红柳花、马莲花、沙枣花;异彩纷呈的野花、渐渐干枯了的海子湖……都是我牵挂的内容,故乡人们的生活、环境的保护更是让我牵肠挂肚。

人总是一个矛盾体。我牵挂着故乡的草原,长大后却又想方设法离开艰苦的生活环境,义无反顾地奔向城市,我不知道这是对故乡草原的离弃还是想用另一种方式去爱它?心里时常感到无限地失落和迷茫,觉得自己欠下了故乡草原的账,深感有负于脚下这片生我养我的草原,我不应该忘记那一片给我带来不论是快乐还是痛苦,不应该忘记那一丛丛绽放的马莲花、一朵朵怒放的沙枣花、红柳花给我丰厚的赠予,不应该忘记泥泞的羊肠小路留给我记忆里无边的思绪,更不应该——失去对它浓烈的眷恋和感激。

故乡草原,伴我走过了人生难忘的时光,之后我就远去他乡求学、生活、工作,从此,故乡草原只能行进在我梦中的小路上……

但是,我的灵魂始终在故乡漫游,我会用我的方式回报故乡草原对我无私的养育,虽然,故乡草原的养育之恩终生都报答不完……

人生苦短,在这短暂的岁月中,人有很多梦想,但遗憾的是大多数梦想都实现不了,对故乡的眷恋之情,我还有机会去实现,我庆幸自己还能不时地到故乡草原去……

故乡的一切,像一曲民谣在我的心中蔓延。

Days of the Shepherd

English Translation 英文译文

Whenever my travels lead me back to the countryside, be it for work or familial gatherings, the sight of the grasslands of my childhood home always kindles a warmth that springs forth like a silver finch from my heart. Now a resident of the city’s ceaseless buzz, I was once a child of the expansive, open grassland. My thoughts forever dwell there, cradled in the vast, embracing arms of those endless meadows that clutch tightly at my imagination.

Each sighting of cattle and sheep, or the figures of young men and women herding them with leisurely grace across the fields, sends my soul on passionate wings against the backdrop of the vast blue above. The grassland of my youth, under its dome of sky singing with melodious tunes carried on the breeze, captivates and envelops me in its timeless beauty. Time and again, my hurried steps have kicked up dust along the narrow sheep trails, stirring the air as subtly as the gentle ripples across the surface of Haizi Lake.

Immersed in the spirit of the grassland, my thoughts and principles of conduct are imbued with the unmistakable essence of the prairie, forging an unbreakable bond within my soul. Compelled by this bond, my gaze perpetually seeks the horizon, and in the quiet of the night, my dreams unfailingly wander the familiar prairies of home. I adore the graceful and elegant jiji grass on my hometown’s prairie, standing tall and slender like the figures of the Yao’ao’er girls and the charming Russian olive flowers, their faces blooming with comfortable smiles like the Yao’ao’er girls. I also cherish the red willows on the prairie, resilient and unyielding like guardian warriors. It was the prairie that bestowed upon me, during my childhood, aspirations and hope, the source of my soul’s monologue. It was also the prairie of my hometown that taught me the meaning of tolerance, openness, resilience, and never giving up.

In the tender years of my childhood, spent amid the stretches of my hometown’s prairie, I embraced the rustic chores with youthful zeal. Primary and junior high summers were seasons of toil under the vast, open skies—I herded sheep, cut grass, assisted Ana in milking the cows, steamed buns, and even learned the careful art of shearing sheep. With summer’s heat pressing upon us, I would lead a grey-haired donkey, burdened with a basket and sickle, across the prairie’s expanse to gather grass, preparing for the winter’s need.

Ana often remarked that I was taller than the donkey itself. Yet, there I was, the donkey’s reins looped about my waist, navigating through grass that towered over my head. Sickle in hand, I would slice through the green swathes, clutch them firmly, and stow them in the basket. Trudging over the saline-alkali-crusted earth—uneven and taxing—each step was measured, and each patch of grass was chosen carefully to keep the load evenly balanced. Despite the sweat that drenched my face and stained my clothes, soaking through to my skin, I felt a boundless energy. The sun would anoint the straw hat upon my head while the prairie’s breath, fresh and invigorating, filled my lungs. The cheerful calls of cattle and sheep, the melodious strains of shepherd songs, were a balm to my spirit. Before long, I’d be returning, baskets brimming with the day’s bounty.

The prairie of my hometown was set in a challenging saline-alkali zone, a stark landscape often misrepresented in films as idyllic expanses that filled unsuspecting minds with fanciful dreams. In truth, it was a harsh terrain where every step impressed deep into the white crust of salt, layered thick over loose dust, baked hard by relentless sun. Rain transformed this solid crust into treacherous mud, making each step labour as shoes sank into the mire. On days I ventured out to cut grass, I prayed for calm, clouded skies—a merciful reprieve from rain or scorching sun—that made my labour a little easier.

My uncle, aunt, and brother often cut grass during the summer holidays. They would set out before the faintest light touched the horizon, guiding the cattle and sheep and slicing through swathes of grass as they went. Left behind, I tended the home front—sweeping out the sheep pens, tidying the yards, and preparing meals to sustain them through their trying day.

By morning, I would journey to the fields to deliver breakfast—perhaps a simple fare of yoghurt, rice soup, or steaming milk tea paired with freshly baked buns. Under the burgeoning glow of the golden sun, they would pause and rest there, wiping the sweat from their brows, their faces alight with the satisfaction of the morning’s yield and the small joy breakfast brought.

Come midday, they would secure the morning’s cut, tie up neat bundles of grass, and trek back home for a well-deserved lunch. The post-lunch hours were spent in reprieve, resting as they waited for the sun’s blaze to wane. But the afternoon beckoned them back to the fields, to the day’s most gruelling stretch, their faces flushed and dripping with sweat, every crease on their skin a testament to their toil.

As dusk drew the day to a close and the air turned cooler, they would hurriedly gather the afternoon’s bounty. The fruits of their day’s labour were loaded upon the grey donkey, accompanied by the evening chorus of cattle and sheep. Guided by the twinkling stars and the moon’s gentle glow, they would return home, their bodies weary but spirits undeterred. While they busied themselves sorting the grass, I would water the livestock.

The fear of a lost sheep was ever-present in the minds of the herders. Should one go missing, my uncle and aunt would venture out in pursuit, hoping to find it mingling among a neighbour’s flock. Failing that, their search would stretch into days filled with anxious, sleepless nights for those left waiting, the uncertainty unsettling our hearts.

Amid these pastoral summers, I grew, nourished by the grassland’s rugged charm. The fierce sun of my homeland deeply bronzed my skin, etching lines of resilience, patience, and determination into my very being—traits that mirrored the enduring spirit of the prairie itself. These were the days of my youth, marked by both the mundane and the memorable, each moment threading into the tapestry of my childhood and adolescence on the grassland.

During the languid summers and school-free weekends, I wandered the narrow sheep tracks of the prairie alongside the local girls. Together, we shepherded flocks along the shores and grasslands, sustained by flasks of milk tea and Luoyang cake, our modest feast under the relentless sun. Despite the heat, our hearts swelled with purpose and fulfilment. We chatted and sang with abandon, recounting old and newly minted tales, our laughter echoing across the fields as we playfully chased one another without a hint of weariness.

Arriving at the lakeshore, the temptation to pluck the varied blossoms was irresistible. We gathered handfuls of blue mallow, weaving them into crowns that we wore with a regal air, fancying ourselves as princesses of the prairie. We frolicked and splashed by the lake’s crystal waters, occasionally casting sand towards the graceful birds gliding above.

The song of the Yugur shepherd girls, light and vibrant as a mountain spring, resonated around us:

The clear waters of the lake flow over the shore,

The Yugur shepherd girls bloom like flowers,

The abundant wool, like white clouds,

Gently spun and quickly wrapped...

This melody, laden with dreams of a resilient and joyful life, lingered in our ears, a soft echo of our youthful hopes.

As the sun descended and the time to return home drew near, our footsteps grew heavy. Our playful chatter subsided into a focused silence as we guided our flocks along the path home, the journey seeming more a crawl than a walk, our throats parched, and bodies drained. The homebound track stretched endlessly before us, the narrow sheep paths challenging with every step.

Life on the prairie repeated itself week after week, incredibly arduous during storms. Rainstorms forced us to seek shelter beneath heaps of grass or sprint home to escape the pelting hail. Winter brought its trials with biting winds and snowstorms. The vast silence of the prairie was pierced only by the howling wind, which seemed to cut through every layer of our thick clothing. We would sometimes ignite dried thistle grass for warmth, the days short and the nights endlessly long. The livestock, too cold to graze properly, often bolted towards home, leaving us scrambling to gather them back. Despite the freezing nights threatening their survival, we could not let them return until they had eaten their fill.

This harsh life was a constant reminder from my parents: “Study hard, or you’ll endure this suffering forever.”

The grassland profoundly shaped my young soul with its brutal environment yet rich cultural tapestry. Stories like the Swan’s Harp and the legend of Huang Daichen filled my childhood with magic and mystery, their tales of beauty and sorrow weaving through my daily life. As I matured, I wished for a better life for these characters from my childhood fantasies.

Though now distanced by city life, the sight of my hometown’s prairie fills me with guilt, as if I’ve betrayed the path that led me to adulthood. To ease this ache, I return to the fading beauty of the prairie, its thistle grass, horse lilies, and the environment I deeply cherish. My relationship with the grassland is complex, torn between longing for its rustic charm and wanting to leave its hardships behind. Yet, in my heart, the grassland remains a vivid tapestry of life and memory; its essence is a folk song that continues to resonate within me.

Life is fleeting, filled with unfulfilled dreams. Still, I am fortunate to occasionally return to my roots to reconnect with the grassland that nurtured me. Though I can never fully repay its gifts, my soul forever wanders through the prairie paths of my youth, eternally attempting to give back to the land that raised me.

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