吴治由《最忆是苗乡》
📝 作者简介 · Author Bio
吴治由,作家、诗人。苗族,曾用笔名:吴非。生于1982年6月,贵州都匀人。中国作协会员,鲁迅文学院第37届作家高研班学员。出版作品集《如果火车突然停下》《途经此地》《中国天眼简史(长诗)》等五部;长篇小说《一把好手》一部。主编文学和文化(旅)类图书多部。曾获中国作协会长篇小说创作扶持和贵州省乌江文学奖、尹珍诗歌奖、贵州省优秀文艺作品奖等。
Echoes of the Miao Village
Wu Zhiyou, a writer and poet from the Miao ethnic group, is known by his pen name Wu Fei. Born in June 1982 in Duyun, Guizhou Province, he is a member of the China Writers Association and attended the 37th Advanced Writers' Class at the Lu Xun Literature Institute. He has authored five collections, including "If the Train Suddenly Stops," "Passing Through Here," "A Brief History of China's Sky Eye (Long Poem)," and the novel "A Good Hand." Additionally, he has edited several literary and cultural travel books. The China Writers Association has supported his novel writing and received the Guizhou Wujiang Literature Award, the Yin Zhen Poetry Award, and the Guizhou Provincial Excellent Literary and Artistic Works Award.
中文原文 Chinese Source Text
最忆是苗乡。是谶言,也是诳语。但是否可以理解为,乡野之中美丽的苗寨总不经意间让人沉醉?——这听起来是否会给人一种爱屋及乌的感觉,然而,现实之中往往却又是:谁不说俺的家乡好?!
推开紧闭一夜的木格子窗,糊了报纸的窗户吱呀一声响过,顺着吊脚楼波浪线般滚动的瓦檐,我的目光先于意识飞向了外边的世界。那是二十年前,一个鸟语伴着槐花飘香的早晨,我平生第一次意外而用心地打量着窗外的世界,也第一次发现,近处的村庄、远处的旷野、高天之下云遮雾绕的群山,似乎只一夜之间,都被晶莹的露珠给泡透了,被温软的风给撩醒了——大地之上、穹顶之下,目力所及处,竟是如此澄明、安谧!
也是那一刻,我捕捉到了自己心跳的声音。这在往后的岁月,除了恋爱结婚生子,再也找不到这种感觉。这不是因为别的什么,仅仅因为二十岁的年纪,人生幡然觉醒,终于可以正告自己,其实自己一直默默爱着这个世界,珍惜眼前的人与事,只是,自己却从来不自察。
是的,二十年前的那个早晨除了置身其中的吊脚楼,位于村东头的同一片台地上,还坐落着另外的几栋。它们以仅有的一个篮球场为中心,互为犄角,分别占据着操场的东、南、北三面,挤挤挨挨,在构筑一所村级完小的同时,安放了我三言两语无法言尽的青春。而校园之外,如不是一棵大梨树与几棵临崖的刺槐繁茂的枝叶半遮蔽着窗户,不难想见,无论天晴还是下雨,无论过去还是现在,我终将会遇见:一条名叫‘干河’的溪流,兜兜转转,自西往东,由高走低,将巨大的九门山一分为二,然后,苗族与水族聚居的干河大寨,那层层叠叠的吊脚楼就从我栖居的小屋脚下,溪流的急转弯处,将一个个瓦檐屋顶推送至了空中。
可无论光阴怎样流转,对于一个在苗乡里长大的人来说,那些关于村庄的记忆,总会在一个无端的时刻走来。样子像极了多年的知交老友,穿越时空,一边与你静静对坐,一边兀自窃窃低语,另一边还偷偷将那份特别的心境凿成了永恒。
小时候,吊脚楼总是一副古旧而朴素的模样。一栋是,两栋是,整个村子的几乎都是;它们仿佛童话故事里的魔法小屋,散落在大地之上群山之间。不过,里面并没有住着西方世界的女巫,而是诸如我这样的苗族少年。每天只要睁开惺忪的双眼,就会发现,披着一身光芒的窗户总是先于你醒来。可转瞬间,它又成了通向外部世界的出口,秘而不宣,源源不断地给你传送着耳熟能详的一切。
窗外,若是雨天,你会听见雨脚踩在密密匝匝的瓦片上,或轻或重,窸窸窣窣,响成一片。屋檐要是有了滴水,从高处坠下,点滴成线,噼里啪啦,不是精准地凿击檐下泥地上成排的凹槽,就是摔打在青苔密布的廊石上,珠玑乱弹,淙淙或噗噗,响彻人间大地。若遇晴天,叽叽喳喳的鸟叫、高高低低的鸡鸣狗吠、起起伏伏的牛哞马嘶,伴着风吹树木的浪动喧腾,绕过房梁门缝登门入屋,在狭小昏暗的时空中打旋,回环往复,直到东边的山头一抹飘红。而后,房前屋后原本静止的小路忽然就有了动静,那是人和牲畜在路上走。这时候,只要心足够静,通过亮开的嗓门,完全可以秒辨那是寨中的谁谁,他们早起即将何往;再就是细数那踢踏的足音,瞬间也会得出结论,跟在主人身旁的是牛是马是羊群,他们是要进山砍柴放养还是正驮着粪草下田地干活……这个人刚刚踏着弯弯曲曲的小路走远,那个人又撞开飘飘洒洒的雾霭出现。
就这样,怀揣着一棵雀跃的心,走着走着,一个人就从童年到了少年,从青年到了壮年。
兴许,也正因这份情愫的驱使,在后来的日子里,每有朋友来访,要去我的家乡走走看看,我都是有求必应,欣然前往。
2005年仲夏,福建的一个诗人朋友跋山涉水来访,应对方不留城不住店的要求,我也就“主随客便”,用摩托将他捎带到都匀桥城五十多公里之外的归兰山脚下。晚上,吹着凉爽的山风,我们坐在吊脚楼里吃饭喝酒聊诗;白天,我自告奋勇充当向导,带他走村转寨。后来,他虽因故只停留了短短的两日,但别后没多久,他的短信就追了过来:吃了酸汤,喝了米酒,看了角楼,拍了梯田,趟了山路,赶了牛羊,追了落日,进了磨坊,学了苗话,听了山歌,与友神游,诗和远方,好不妙哉!我知道,这是诗人朋友巧借口语诗在嬉写苗寨的游记,素美之词尽藏其中。可还别说,读起来竟是如此的温暖、真切和令人动容。为表响应,我旋即也胡诌了几句发过去:高山流水,茂兰修竹,吊脚飞檐,石板小径,酸汤米酒,天空与海阔,若是它日再来,故人依旧在。
十年前深秋,久居都市的女友从南方飞来看我,当抵黔外出时,我依旧选择了依山傍水、远离城市喧嚣的乡野。那次,我们去了离都匀城三十余公里,地处龙泉山西麓坡脚上的坝固坡脚苗寨。那时候的苗寨虽在20世纪九十年代初经历了一阵急促而短暂的旅游开发,但它依旧保持着古村落应有的传统与特色。除去用水泥钢筋修缮后的山脚小桥和进村的曲肠山道,当我们穿过岁月沧桑的寨门,仰头而望,眼前依旧是那些密密匝匝、古色古香、错落有致的吊脚楼,它们依着山势,自下而上,一路铺排直至青山云雾的起处。当踏着尚未被撬改的石板路进村,依然能看见人们将丰富多彩的民族风情穿在身上,不停地在村庄与田野间自由行走,隔着时空用那古韵悠扬的苗语进行攀谈。即便是不经意的一瞥,也能撞见屋檐下随意摆放的犁铧、锄头等各种农具,甚至栏杆上不加任何修饰便能随处可见的苞谷串子与硕果累累的花生和捆蒜……
那次与女友同游,其实最让我快慰的并不是我们抓拍到的每一个难忘瞬间,而是在友人家时品尝到的苗家美食:土制的炉子里烧着炭火,锅里加进了红酸;外围的圆木桌上,分别摆放了即将下锅的稻花鱼、四月八时晾干的花米饭、油炸酥脆的粽子、过年时熏制的腊肉香肠、村头豆腐坊刚出锅的豆腐脑,还有几场秋雨过后到山里秋种收工回来时,顺道进到山里采来的菌子、早生的冬笋,以及自家园子里的绿色蔬菜。
现如今,哪怕时光荏苒多年,每每只要一想起当时那祖孙三代一起就餐、其乐融融,那满桌佳肴馨香似溢、欢声笑语的情形,总让人忍不住回味。哪怕是后来,当年的女友和我已结婚多年,每次闲聊时想起,也都是满心的感慨。
此文见《中华民居》2023年5-6月号第19期。
English Translation 英文译文
"The Most Memorable is the Miao Village." This statement is both a prophecy and a lie. But it can be interpreted as the beautiful Miao villages in the countryside always captivating people. Does this reflect a sentiment of loving everything about one's home? Indeed, everyone believes their hometown is the best.
One morning, I pushed open the tightly closed wooden lattice window, which creaked as the newspaper covering it rustled. My gaze flew out, following the undulating eaves of the stilt house, even before my consciousness fully awoke. It was twenty years ago, a morning filled with birdsong and the fragrance of pagoda trees. For the first time, I attentively surveyed the world outside the window. I discovered that the nearby villages, distant wilderness, and cloud-shrouded mountains under the vast sky seemed to have been soaked through by crystal-clear dewdrops and awakened by the gentle wind. Everywhere I looked, the scene was so clear and serene!
At that moment, I also became aware of my heartbeat. In the years since, apart from falling in love, getting married, and having children, I have never felt that way again. It's not for any reason but simply because, at twenty years old, I suddenly realised that I had always loved this world and cherished the people and things around me, even if I had never noticed it before.
Yes, on that morning twenty years ago, besides the stilt house I was in, several others were located on the same terrace at the eastern end of the village. They formed a triangle around the only basketball court, occupying the playground's east, south, and north sides, crowding together to build a village-level primary school and housing my youth. Outside the campus, if not for a large pear tree and several thorny locust trees near the cliff whose lush branches and leaves half-obscured the windows, it would not be difficult to imagine that, regardless of sunny or rainy days, whether in the past or now, I would eventually encounter a stream called "Ganhe" that twists and turns, flowing from west to east and descending from high to low, dividing the massive Jiumen Mountain in half. The stacked stilt houses of Ganhe Village, where the Miao and Shui ethnic groups live, rose from the foot of my dwelling at the sharp turn of the stream, pushing their tiled roofs into the air.
No matter how time flows, for someone who grew up in the Miao village, those memories of the town will always come at unexpected moments. They are like old friends, crossing through time and space, sitting quietly with you while whispering to themselves, and secretly carving that particular mood into eternity.
When I was young, the stilt houses in our village had a timeless, rustic charm. Like the next, each one appeared plucked from a fairy tale, scattered between the earth and the mountains. However, instead of witches from Western stories, the inhabitants were Miao youths like myself. As I opened my sleepy eyes every morning, the windows would be bathed in a soft glow, waking up before me. At that moment, they transformed into portals to the outside world, silently transmitting the familiar scenes of my life.
On rainy days, raindrops falling on the densely packed tiles would be a symphony, whether light or heavy, merging into a rhythmic rustle. Water dripping from the eaves would fall in a line, splashing loudly as it hit the grooves in the mud or the moss-covered veranda stones, scattering like pearls and resonating throughout our world. On sunny days, the chirping of birds, the chorus of dogs and chickens, the mooing of cows, and the neighing of horses, all accompanied by the rustling wind through the trees, would filter through the beams and door cracks. These sounds would swirl in the narrow, dim space, repeating until a touch of red appeared on the eastern hilltop. This signalled the awakening of the paths before and behind the house as people and livestock began their day. By listening closely, you could instantly recognise who was speaking, where they were heading, and whether a cow, horse, or sheep was accompanying them. Whether they were going into the mountains to gather firewood, graze, or work in the fields, the village's daily life unfolded before your ears.
With a joyful heart, one moves from childhood to youth and adulthood. Perhaps this deep connection to my surroundings made me eager to share my hometown with friends whenever they visited.
In the midsummer of 2005, a poet friend from Fujian travelled far to see me. He wished to escape the city, so I took him on my motorcycle to the foot of Guilan Mountain, more than 50 kilometres from Duyun. We sat in a stilt house at night, dining, drinking, and discussing poetry while enjoying the cool mountain breeze. During the day, I guided him through different villages. Although his stay was brief, lasting only two days due to unforeseen circumstances, he later sent me a text message: "Eaten sour soup, drunk rice wine, seen horned towers, photographed terraced fields, traversed mountain roads, herded cattle and sheep, chased the setting sun, entered the mill, learned Miao language, listened to folk songs, travelled with friends, poetry and the distant future, how wonderful it is!" His simple yet beautiful words described his experiences in our Miao village with warmth and sincerity. Touched, I quickly replied with a few lines of my own: "High mountains and flowing water, lush bamboo in Maolan, flying eaves of the stilt house, small stone paths, sour soup and rice wine, vast skies and seas, if you come again someday, the old friends will still be here."
Ten years ago, a long-time female friend from the city visited in late autumn. We ventured out of Guizhou, seeking the tranquillity of the countryside. This time, we went to Bajugupo Miao village, nestled at the foot of the western slope of Longquan Mountain, more than 30 kilometres from Duyun city. The town retained its ancient traditions and character despite brief tourism development in the early 1990s. Beyond the small bridge and the cemented winding road, the densely packed, antique stilt houses followed the mountain contours, stretching up to where the green mountains met the clouds. Walking along the unaltered stone paths, we saw villagers in colourful ethnic costumes conversing in the ancient, melodious Miao language. Farm tools like ploughs and hoes lay casually under the eaves, while corn cobs, peanut pods, and bundles of garlic hung from the railings, untouched by modernity.
The highlight of that trip with my female friend was the beautiful moments we captured and the delicious Miao cuisine we enjoyed at a friend's home. We gathered around a homemade stove burning charcoal, with red sour soup simmering in the pot. On the round wooden table, there were rice fish ready to be cooked, flower rice dried during the April 8th festival, crispy fried dumplings, smoked pork and sausages prepared for the New Year, fresh tofu from the village tofu shop, mushrooms and early winter bamboo shoots picked from the mountains, and green vegetables from the garden.
Years have passed since that meal, but the memory of sharing it with three generations of my friend's family, filled with joy and laughter, remains vivid. Even now, when my then-girlfriend, wife, and I reminisce about it, we are filled with deep sentiment.
This story was featured in the May-June 2023 issue of "Zhonghua Minju" (Chinese Traditional Dwellings), Issue 19.