保安族 · Bonan

马学英《折花刀》

MA Xueying
Folding Flower Knife

📝 作者简介 · Author Bio

马学英,家名艾海麦德·海推布,保安族,甘肃积石山县大墩人,全国金融作家协会会员,农行甘肃省分行作家协会会员。爱好文学创作,有多篇散文、诗歌、文学评论公开发表和刊物收录。

MA Xueying, whose family name is Aihaimude Haituibu, hails from Dadun, Jishishan County, Gansu Province. He is a Bonan and a member of both the National Financial Writers Association and the Writers Association of the Agricultural Bank of China's Gansu Branch. Passionate about literary creation, he has published numerous essays, poems, and scholarly reviews in public and various publications.

中文原文 Chinese Source Text

弘扬民族文化 秉承民族传统 凝聚民族共识 促进民族发展

刚吃过早点,妻子对丈夫说:“我们去看保安腰刀吧。”

夫妻俩都是大学教授,妻子在兰州,丈夫在北京,平日难得在一起,暑假到了,一起来到大河家。

晚上他们住在大河家镇上一处宾馆。小镇满街奔跑着各种施工车辆,夏日的街道拥挤,嘈杂。小镇正在搞地下管网建设,失去了往日的宁静。

电话联系后,一会工夫,马克龙开车来到夫妻跟前。马克龙,个子不高,但长得壮实憨厚,话语不多。

“我们先到腰刀车间看看!”马克龙说:“这时候工人还没上班,但能简单了解下打刀的场景,就在附近。”,说完他打开车门,开车前面带路。

黄河边的保安腰刀加工园区,一座不太显眼的大门,院里都是腰刀加工厂,有十多家,一家挨着一家。马克龙的厂子在进门左手第一家,店门上方挂着一块“马麦草地腰刀加工厂”牌子。马麦草地是马克龙家名。平时人们叫他“果尔麦草地”。保安语中,把打制金属器具的工匠称呼“果尔”。“果尔麦草地”是一种当地尊称。

厂子有两间,门前立着沉重的气锤,紧挨着的火炉上已经生起熊熊焦炭火,喷射出的像晨光似的火焰映红了炉台,也照亮了马克龙麦色的脸庞。不远处还有两架砂轮。地上和铁匣里满是一捆一摞的还没有成型的刀胚,和一些零散的铜片,牛角,银条,这些材料,有的用于制作刀柄,有些用于装饰刀鞘,制作腰刀一样也少不了。流传了一千多年的保安族手工遗产,即使到了今天,腰刀加工除了打锤,整个打制过程全部手工完成。

夫妻俩一边看,一边问,对腰刀的制作过程充满了无数好奇和向往。

马克龙介绍,“这是打制折花刀的胚胎”。他随手拿起一块四方铁块,一层铁片,一层钢片,整齐地打在一起。

“这把折花刀,钢片和铁片多达380层片”。多年前打过一把三米长折花马刀,钢和铁有1200多层,足足用了一个月时间。”

“折花刀就是把钢和铁高温锻打,反复对折,揉压,才能形成不同的花纹,折花刀的花纹是从刀体肌理里面生出来的,不同于一般纹饰表面雕刻。”

钢和铁在火中炼,锤下锻,像一团面不停地糅合融化,你中有我,我中有你,水乳交融,刚柔相济,但钢和铁不失自己独有的气质和个性,钢的坚硬、铁的柔韧,千锤百炼中在同一刀体上留下了抹不去的印记,这些自然的花纹都是一锤一锤打出来的。

马克龙介绍得很仔细,“折花刀花纹有雪花纹,流水文,蜘蛛文,星空纹等。”这些花纹有的线条简洁,朴实无华;有的如行云流水,气象万千;有的玲珑奇巧,十分精致。每种图形隐含着保安族工匠的心语,方寸之间有乾坤,一幅幅变幻莫测,栩栩如生的图像,记录着保安人对广袤宇宙的洞察,体现着世间万物的认知,寄托着对人生美好生活的憧憬。

保安腰刀对于现代人的意义,不仅在于它是个可供实用、装饰的稀世之宝,还在于她带给人们更高层次的审美情趣,给人留下了更为充分的想象空间,它是一个连通着古代艺术与现代艺术的非物质文化遗产殿堂。夫妻俩随着对折花刀工艺了解得不断深入,对一个古老民族的心气之作越发着迷,心生一种莫名崇敬的喜爱。

他们来到马克龙店铺,店铺在临街一处什字转角。展架上,柜台里摆满了各式刀具,琳琅满目,俨然是一座保安腰刀博物馆。

“这是勃日迪,是最古老的保安腰刀样式,这是十样锦双刀,装饰尤为华美,小鱼刀可以折叠,携带方便……”。

这些遥远的古代驰骋疆场、保家卫国的重器,岁月长河中,被一代一代保安族能工巧匠改造和创新,渐渐走进人们寻常生活,赋予了它能时代新的生命和活力。

他们这儿看看,那儿瞅瞅,不停地把玩着,观赏着。蓦然,一对尺把长的折花刀一下子吸引了他们的目光。马克龙从柜台里面拿出了刀,虔敬地递到他们手中。这是一对折花战刀,刀出鞘时带着铿锵的金属的声音,一道幽光夺目而来。刀刃上清晰的花纹星星点点,疏密有致,散发着灵动的气息,虽然没有具体形象,可像静寂的河水,泛着神秘的银白色的光,那光明亮而柔和,带有一种古老的韵味。

刹那间,他们被这双气度不凡的刀深深折服了,惊叹不已。夫妻俩走出店铺,商量了好长时间,这才走进来,告诉马克龙他们想买这一对折花战刀。马克龙语气淡然,“这两把刀,我自己留着,镇店之物,不卖的!”

夫妻俩很失望,又不甘心,问到:“这个样式的刀子,还有吗?”

“没有了。”

这对刀,马克龙在十年之前打的。有一天,一位拉卜楞寺的活佛找到马克龙,提出打一把传统的稀有的折花战刀。这之前,活佛已经找过好多工匠,但是这种古老的制作工艺好像失传了一样,无人知晓。马克龙保存着自己的师祖马七十三爷流传下来一份折花战刀制作工艺的手绘图纸。那段时间,他天天对着那发黄的图纸出神,他思索、用心体悟,一步一步实验,不断地改进一道一道工序,废弃的铁和钢堆满了库房的一个角落。最终打出了三把刀。三把刀他用了整整二个月时间。活佛带走了其中一把,作为报酬,送给马克龙一头牦牛。

剩下的两把,马克龙一直留下来了。他不是不想卖,他在等真正识刀的人,等待一个能与自己的刀心灵对话的人,或许他一生也等不来,可是他不会轻易出手。

马克龙一边准备把刀放回货架,一边说:“往后我可能再也打不出这种刀了。”

妻子又一次一遍遍把摸着刀刃上的折花流水纹和刀鞘上的穿金莲花纹。她从事美术研究工作,对传统手工艺品情有独钟。

妻子拿着刀,在两手间翻来翻去,细细地端详,看一会刀刃上的折花纹,又看一会刀鞘上的雕饰纹,轻轻地放在柜台上。在货架前转了一圈,又返回拿起刀,仿佛在盯着自己的孩子一样,总是看不够。

就在这时候,马克龙的目光停留在妻子摩挲刀鞘的双手上,眼睛中闪动着泪花。

马克龙顿了一下,低声说到:“刀……你们带走吧!”

夫妻俩惊喜之余还没回过神来,马克龙有点抑郁地说:“我每次收工回家,我阿妈就这样抚摸我的脸”。

“阿妈她三十多岁的时候,生了一场大病,虽然病好了,可是双眼从此失明,过了两年耳朵也听不到任何声音了,三十年了,可怜的阿妈一直生活在无光无声的世界里。”

马克龙声音更低了,“可是她的双手一抚摸我的脸,她能感知我心中的喜怒哀乐!”。

马克龙终于等到了这一天。这两位素不相识的远方的客人,懂得了他的刀,也就懂得了自己的心,可遇不可求,整整等了十年。

夫妻俩没有还价。丈夫对妻子说:“这一对刀是送给你的礼物,希望它能带来平安!”。妻子深情地望着丈夫的眼睛,好像有点羞涩,说不出话来。她这才明白,丈夫为什么执意要买这对刀。

夫妇俩带上封包好的刀,要离开了。马克龙有点不放心,又反复叮嘱他们“刀平时不用保养,不要擦拭,摆在刀架上就可以”。

有时候,人们真正值得铭刻在心中的,是人们彼此的理解和相互之间的信任,以及在此基础上产生的真挚的祝福和爱。

English Translation 英文译文

Promote national culture, uphold national traditions, unite national consensus, and foster national development.

After breakfast, the wife turned to her husband and said, "Let's go see the Bao'an waist knives."

Both university professors, she in Lanzhou and he in Beijing found it a rare treat for them to spend weekdays together. So, when summer vacation arrived, they travelled together to Dahejia.

They stayed at a hotel in Dahejia town that night. The small town was bustling with construction vehicles, making the summer streets crowded and noisy. The city underwent an underground pipeline construction project, disrupting its usual tranquillity.

After a quick phone call, Macron arrived in front of the couple in his car. Though not tall, Macron was sturdy and sincere, with few words.

"Let's visit the waist knife workshop first," Macron suggested. "The workers haven't started yet, but we can get an overview of the knife-making process. It's nearby." He opened the car door and led the way.

At the Bao'an waist knife processing park by the Yellow River, they passed through an inconspicuous gate into a yard filled with over a dozen waist knife factories, side by side. Macron's factory was the first on the left, marked by a sign reading "Ma Maicaodi Waist Knife Factory." Ma Maicaodi was his family name, and locals called him "Gouer Maicaodi," an honorary title for craftsmen in the Bao'an language.

The factory had two rooms, with a heavy pneumatic hammer standing in front. Nearby, a furnace roared with a coke fire, its flames illuminating the furnace and casting a glow on Macron's tawny face. Two grinding wheels stood a short distance away. The ground and iron boxes were cluttered with bundles of unfinished knife blanks and scattered copper sheets, horn pieces, and silver bars—materials essential for making knife handles and decorating knife sheaths. The Bao'an ethnic group's thousand-year-old handicraft tradition remains entirely handmade, save for some hammering, even today.

Brimming with curiosity and admiration for the knife-making process, the couple asked countless questions.

Macron picked up a square iron block, explaining, "This is the embryo of a folding flower knife." The block consisted of neatly beaten layers of iron and steel sheets.

"This folding flower knife has up to 380 layers of steel and iron," he continued. "Years ago, I made a three-meter-long folding flower sabre with over 1,200 layers of steel and iron. It took a whole month to complete."

"Folding flower knives are created by high-temperature forging of steel and iron, repeatedly folding and pressing to form unique patterns. Unlike surface carvings of ordinary decorations, these patterns emerge from the knife's texture."

Steel and iron were refined in the fire and forged under the hammer, merging like kneaded dough. Despite blending, steel and iron retained their unique properties. The steel's hardness and the iron's flexibility left indelible marks on the knife through thousands of hammerings. These natural patterns, hammered out one by one, were stunning.

"The patterns of folding flower knives include snowflake, flowing water, spider, and starry sky patterns," Macron explained. "Some lines are simple and unadorned, while others resemble flowing clouds, water, or intricate designs. Each pattern reflects the heartfelt expressions of Bao'an artisans, capturing the universe in an inch and depicting vivid, unpredictable images. They embody the Bao'an people's insights into the cosmos and their understanding of the world, reflecting their aspirations for a better life."

For modern people, Bao'an waist knives are practical and decorative treasures and represent a higher aesthetic taste, sparking ample imagination. They bridge ancient and contemporary art, a non-material cultural heritage palace. As the couple delved deeper into the craftsmanship of folding flower knives, they became increasingly fascinated by the works of this ancient nation, feeling a mysterious and respectful love.

Macron had two remaining knives, which he hadn't sold yet. He was waiting for someone who truly appreciated knives and could have a spiritual dialogue with his creations. He might never meet such a person, but he wouldn't sell them quickly.

As Macron prepared to put the knives back on the shelf, he said, "I might never be able to make such knives again." His wife, tracing the floral patterns on the blade and the lotus patterns on the scabbard with her fingers, had a particular fondness for traditional handicrafts due to her work in art research.

Holding the knives, she scrutinised them, turning them repeatedly in her hands. She seemed enchanted, like a mother gazing at her child.

Macron's eyes glistened with tears as he watched her. He paused and said softly, "Take the knives with you."

The couple was taken aback. With a hint of melancholy, Macron added, "Every time I finish my work and come home, my mother would stroke my face like this."

"When my mother was in her thirties, she fell ill. Although she recovered, she lost her sight and, two years later, her hearing. She has lived in a world devoid of light and sound for thirty years."

Macron's voice lowered further. "But whenever her hands stroke my face, she can sense my joys, sorrows, anger, and happiness."

Macron had waited for this day. These two strangers from afar understood his knives and thus understood his heart. Such a meeting is rare and cannot be sought; he had waited ten years.

The couple didn't bargain. The husband told his wife, "These two knives are a gift for you. I hope they bring you peace." She looked deeply into his eyes, a little shy, unable to speak. She finally understood why her husband insisted on buying these knives.

Macron felt uneasy as they prepared to leave with the wrapped knives and repeatedly reminded them, "You don't need to maintain the knives. Don't wipe them. Just put them on the knife rack."

Sometimes, what truly deserves engraved in one's heart is the understanding and trust between people and the sincere wishes and love that arise from it.

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